modifications of ultradian and orcadian rhythms of fetal heart rate after fetal-maternal adrenal gland suppression: A double blind study

In order to verify whether fetal and maternal adrenal gland suppression induces effects on fetal behaviour, triamcinolone was administered to five healthy pregnant women at 35 weeks of gestation. Five patients of the same gestational age were used as control. Fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal movements were recorded continuously over 2-h interval by means of cardiotocography. After 3 weeks (38 weeks of gestation) the recordings were repeated without drug administration. Cortisol, adrenocorticotropin hormone, 17 β-estradiol and unconjugated estriol were measured at the same time every 2 h in maternal peripheral plasma. At 35 weeks we found a loss of circadian rhythms of the hormones investigated and modifications of ultradian and circadian patterns of FHR in the treated group with respect to the control. No differences in hormonal and biophysical parameters were found between the two groups after the end of treatment (38 weeks). These data suggest that the inhibition of fetal and maternal adrenal glands could cause modifications of FHR patterns.     

USE OF TOPOLOGICAL INFORMATION IN HYDROGRAPH ESTIMATION1

ABSTRACT: Discharge hydrographs computed from the theory of linear flow through topologically random channel networks are compared to actual discharge hydrographs for basins in semiarid regions of central Wyoming. The basins drained by the channel networks range in size from 0.69 to 10.8 square miles. Topological information consisting of stream-network magnitude and link -length distribution parameters are used in calibrating celerity values that ensure that the peak discharge and excess rainfall volume of the resulting computed hydrographs match the peak discharge and excess-rainfall volume of the actual hydrographs. Results indicate that, for a given peak discharge and excess-rainfall volume in a basin, the sensitivity of the calibrated celerity values to excess-rainfall duration is small if the ratio of excess-rainfall volume to peak discharge is at least 1.75 times the excess-rainfall duration.     

不同利用方式对草甸草原抗风蚀能力的影响

为了解不同利用方式对呼伦贝尔草甸草原抗风蚀能力的影响,采用植被凋查结合风洞实验的方法对不同利用方式条件下的草甸草原植被变化和草甸草原原状土的抗风蚀能力进行了研究.结果表明,草甸草原不同利用强度条件下临界风蚀风速(v)随植被盖度(Cover)的变化基本服从二次幂函数关系.随着利用强度的增加,植被盖度降低,在同样风速条件下(大于临界风蚀风速),风蚀率迅速增加.较轻的利用强度下,当植被盖度保持在63%时,在风速为25 m/s条件下风蚀率也很小,而当植被盖度<35%时,在风速为20～25 m/s条件下,风蚀率随植被盖度的下降迅速上升.草甸草原区的免耕农田由于完全失去植被的保护,每分钟狂风(25 m/s)造成的土壤风蚀量达到682.1 kg/hm2,接近1 a的土壤平均生成量(1 000 kg/hm2).     

Comparisons of carbon storages in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Michelia macclurei plantations during a 22-year period in southern China

Tree species composition was important for carbon storage within the same climate range.To quantify the dynamics of ecosystem carbon allocation as affected by different tree species,we measured the above- and belowground biomass accumulation in 22 years,as well as the tissue carbon concentrations of trees in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation and Michelia macclurei plantation.Results indicated that M.macclurei plantation stored significantly more carbon (174.8 tons/hm2) than C.lanceolata plantation (154.3 tons/hm2).Most of the carbon was found in the soil pool (57.1% in M.macclurei plantation,55.2% in C.lanceolata plantation).Tree and soil component of M.macclurei plantation possessed significantly higher carbon storage than that of the C.lanceolata plantation (p<0.05).No significant difference was found in the carbon storage of understory and forest floor.These results suggest that the broadleaved species (M.macclurei) possesses greater carbon sequestration potential than the coniferous species (C.lanceolata) in southern China.     

天气型对北京地区近地面臭氧的影响

臭氧(O3)是夏秋季北京城市大气光化学污染物中的首要气态污染物,气象因素是影响其浓度水平和变化规律的主要因子之一.2008年7月~2008年9月,在北京市4个站点进行了臭氧、氮氧化物(NOx)和一氧化碳(CO)浓度的同步连续观测,并对同期天气型进行了分类比对分析.结果显示,观测期间,北京地区处于低压前部(主要是蒙古气旋)和高压前部的比例分别为42%和20%,分别是造成臭氧浓度高值和低值的主要背景场.处于低压前部控制时,高温、低湿以及局地环流形成的山谷风造成区域臭氧累积,小时最大值(体积分数)高达102.2×10-9,并随气压的升高以3.4×10-9Pa-1的速率降低,山谷风风向的转变决定了臭氧浓度最大值出现时间,峰值出现在14:00左右;处于高压前部控制时,低温、高湿以及系统性北风造成区域臭氧低值,小时最大值(体积分数)仅为49.3×10-9,系统性北风将臭氧峰值出现时刻推后到16:00左右.北京地区臭氧光化学污染呈现出区域一致性,并与天气型有较好相关,关注天气型结构和演变对预报大气光化学污染具有重要意义.     

Chlorobenzenes in waterweeds from the Xijiang River （Guangdong section） of the Pearl River

The Xijiang River is the major source of water for about 4.5 millions of urban population and 28.7 millions of rural population. The water quality is very important for the health of the rural population. The concentration and distribution of chlorobenzenes (CBs) in both water and waterweeds collected from 4 stations in the Xijiang River (Gangdong section) of the Pearl River in April and November were determined. The result showed that nearly every congener of CBs was detected. The total contents of CBs (∑CBs) in the river water ranged from 111.1 to 360.0 ng/L in April and from 151.9 to 481.7 ng/L in November, respectively. The pollution level of CBs in the water in April was higher than that in November. The contents of ∑ CBs in waterweeds ranged from 13.53×102 μg/g to 38.27×102μg/g dry weight (dw). There was no significant difference between April and November in waterweeds. The distribution of CBs in roots, caulis, and leaves of Vallisneria spiralis L. showed different patterns. The leaves mainly contained low-molecular-weight CBs(DCBs), whereas the roots accumulated more PCBs and HCBs. The average lgBCFlip (bioconcentration factor) of CBs ranged from 0.64 to 3.57 in the waterweeds. The spatial distribution character of CBs in the Xijiang River was: Fengkai County ＜ Yunan County ＜Yun'an County ＜ Gaoyao County according to the ∑CBs, and the pollution deteriorated from the upstream to the downstream of the Xijiang River. Further analysis demonstrated that the discharge of waste containing CBs may be the main source of CBs pollution in the Xijiang River.     

Identification and spatial patterns of coastal water pollution sources based on GIS and chemometric approach

Comprehensive and joint applications of GIS and chemometric approach were applied in identification and spatial patterns of coastal water pollution sources with a large data set （5 years （2000-2004）, 17 parameters） obtained through coastal water monitoring of Southern Water Control Zone in Hong Kong. According to cluster analysis the pollution degree was significantly different between September-next May （the 1st period） and June-August （the 2nd period）. Based on these results, four potential pollution sources, such as organic/eutrophication pollution, natural pollution, mineral/anthropic pollution and fecal pollution were identified by factor analysis/principal component analysis. Then the factor scores of each monitoring site were analyzed using inverse distance weighting method, and the results indicated degree of the influence by various potential pollution sources differed among the monitoring sites. This study indicated that hybrid approach was useful and effective for identification of coastal water pollution source and spatial patterns.     

Distribution patterns of octylphenol and nonylphenol in the aquatic system at Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve, a subtropical estuarine wetland in Hong Kong

Spatial and temporal distribution of octylphenol （OP） and nonylphenol （NP） in Mai Po Marshes, a subtropical estuarine wetland in Hong Kong, were investigated. Surface water samples were collected every month from 11 sites during the period of September- December 2004. Concentrations of OP and NP ranged from 11.3 to 348 ng/L and from 29 to 2591 ng/L, respectively. The high levels of NP and OP were found in November and December than in September and October. The levels of OP and NP have no significant spatial differences except September. Total organic matter in the sediments appeared to be an important factor in controlling the fate of these compounds in the aquatic environment.     

丹江口水库浮游植物群落时空动态及其多样性指数

通过对丹江口水库2009～2010年的水质和浮游植物进行调查,分析了浮游植物群落的时空动态,利用典型对应分析法（CCA）研究了影响群落时空格局的环境因素,同时运用细胞密度及群落多样性指数等进行了水质综合评价.结果表明,浮游植物群落种类组成中硅藻门占51.08%,其次是蓝藻（18.39%）;浮游植物群落结构、密度及生物多...     

合肥冬半年降水及所处天气型对大气颗粒物浓度的影响

利用合肥市2015—2017年冬半年环境监测站和自动气象站数据,以及高空、地面天气图资料,运用常规统计和天气学方法分析了降水强度及不同降水天气系统对PM_2.5、PM₁₀浓度的影响.结果表明：冬半年降水日PM_2.5、PM₁₀平均浓度较无降水日分别下降18.1μg·m^-3（23.9%）、38.2μg·m^-3（37.8%）;小于5 mm的日降水量对颗粒物清除效果不明显,且有28%样本PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度不降反升;当日降水量大于10 mm,位于“优”等级的PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度比例分别为54%和80%,显著上升.连续降水期间PM_2.5、PM₁₀日均浓度中位值和均值逐日下降,降水第2日PM_2.5、PM₁₀日均浓度降幅最大.合肥冬半年降水天气系统可以分为切变线Ⅰ型、切变线Ⅱ型、低槽冷锋型和...